Clients' preference for a car loan program in Digos City: A conjoint analysis
Keywords:
client preference, car loan program, conjoint analysis, additive model, PhilippinesAbstract
This study aims to determine the relative importance of attributes of car loan program as preferred by clients in the Southern Philippines – individually or aggregate. To do this, the study utilized the metric conjoint analysis (CJA) wherein 20 orthogonally-generated plancards representing combination of attribute levels for hypothetical car loan plans were rated in an online survey involving 200 respondents, with the goal of determining the best combination of attributes (i.e., downpayment, loan term and interest rate, mode of payment, and collateral). Results of the conjoint analysis revealed highest importance of mode of payment for car loan plans, insinuating that clients prefer payment flexibility the most, while collateral gained the least relative importance value. Specifically, the strong inclination for auto-debit arrangements as a mode of payment indicates a wider consumer desire for convenience and automation in financial operations. Implications of the findings, including the best and least- preferred combinations for a car loan program, are discussed in the paper.
References
Ajzen, I., & Fishbein, M. (1975). A Bayesian analysis of attribution processes. Psychological Bulletin, 82(2), 261. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0076477.
Anderloni, L., & Carluccio, E. M. (2007). Access to bank accounts and payment services. In New frontiers in banking services: Emerging needs and tailored products for untapped markets (pp. 5-105). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-46361-5_1.
Benard, E. A. (2011). Effect of interest rates on loan repayment: A case study of Equity Bank, Masindi branch (Master's thesis). Makerere University. Retrieved from https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?repid=rep1&type=pdf&doi=5a345cd695a5c8ca8abcc28ab1201164697e03ee.
Brandenburg, M. (2013). Quantitative models for value-based supply chain management. Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-00065-4.
Bunkedeko, R. (2011). Impacts of collateral security on microfinance institutions’ lending in Uganda: Case study of Pride Microfinance, Nakulabye Branch. Makerere University.
Carnecer, A. M., & Murcia, J. V. (2019). The use of conjoint analysis in determining preferred attributes of salary loans among employees. University of Mindanao International Multidisciplinary Research Journal, 4(1), 47-53. https://doi.org/10.55990/umimrj.v4i1.407.
Carruthers, B. G., & Ariovich, L. (2010). Money and credit: A sociological approach (Vol. 6). Polity.
Charles, K. K., Hurst, E., & Stephens Jr, M. (2008). Rates for vehicle loans: Race and loan source. American Economic Review, 98(2), 315-320. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.98.2.315.
Chen, J. Z., Lobo, G. J., Wang, Y., & Yu, L. (2011). Loan collateral and accounting conservatism. In CAAA Annual Conference. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1736806
Chisasa, J., & Dlamini, W. (2013). An empirical analysis of the interest rate-vehicle purchase decision nexus in South Africa. International Business & Economics Research Journal (IBER), 12(5), 477-488. https://doi.org/10.19030/iber.v12i5.7975.
Conoza, A. P. B. (2018, December 10). The car buyer's behavior. BusinessWorld. Retrieved from https://www.bworldonline.com/special-features/2018/12/10/204199/the-car-buyers-behavior/.
Cross, R. J., Dutzik, T., Mierzwinski, E., Casale, M., & Fund, U. P. E. (2019). Driving into debt. Maryland Public Interest Research Group Foundation. Retrieved from https://policycommons.net/artifacts/2196994/driving-into-debt/2953355/.
Degryse, H., Karapetyan, A., & Karmakar, S. (2021). To ask or not to ask? Bank capital requirements and loan collateralization. Journal of Financial Economics, 142(1), 239-260. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfineco.2021.06.008.
Domencich, T. A., & McFadden, D. (1975). Urban travel demand: A behavioral analysis. North-Holland Publishing Co.
Ee, S. (2016). Few takers among car buyers for balloon payment loan scheme. The Business Times. Retrieved from https://www.businesstimes.com.sg/companies-markets/transport-logistics/few-takers-among-car-buyers-balloon-payment-loan-scheme.
Firnkorn, J., & Müller, M. (2012). Selling mobility instead of cars: New business strategies of automakers and the impact on private vehicle holding. Business Strategy and the Environment, 21(4), 264-280. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.738.
Gatersleben, B. (2011). The car as a material possession: Exploring the link between materialism and car ownership and use. In Automotives (pp. 137-148). Emerald Group Publishing Limited.
Genzlinger, F., Zejnilovic, L., & Bustinza, O. F. (2020). Servitization in the automotive industry: How car manufacturers become mobility service providers. Strategic Change, 29(2), 215-226. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsc.2319.
Gitman, L. J., Joehnk, M. D., & Billingsley, R. S. (2011). Personal financial planning (12th ed.). Retrieved from http://www.ir.juit.ac.in:8080/jspui/bitstream/123456789/5550/1/Personal%20Financial%20Planning%2C%2012th%20Ed.%20by%20Lawrence%20J.%20Gitman%2C%20Michael%20D.%20Joehnk%2C%20Randall%20S.%20Billingsley%20(2011).pdf.
Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., Anderson, R. E., & Tatham, R. L. (1998). Multivariate data analysis. Prentice Hall.
Huhmann, B. A., & McQuitty, S. (2009). A model of consumer financial numeracy. International Journal of Bank Marketing, 27(4), 270-293. https://doi.org/10.1108/02652320910968359.
Iman, A. H. M., Pieng, F. Y., & Gan, C. (2012). A conjoint analysis of buyers’ preferences for residential property. International Real Estate Review, 15(1), 73-105.
J. P. Morgan. (2023, February). Inflation and the auto industry: When will car prices drop? Retrieved from https://www.jpmorgan.com/insights/global-research/autos/when-will-car-prices-drop.
Lee, S. M., & Lee, D. (2020). “Untact”: A new customer service strategy in the digital age. Service Business, 14(1), 1-22. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11628-019-00408-2.
Lorenciana, C. S. (2015, September). Philippine auto loans up as Pinoy car buyers prefer financing. Freeman Cebu Business | Philippine Star. Retrieved from https://www.philstar.com/cebu-business/2015/09/15/1500390/philippine-auto-loans-pinoy-car-buyers-prefer-financing.
Malkoc, S. A., & Zauberman, G. (2019). Psychological analysis of consumer intertemporal decisions. Consumer Psychology Review, 2(1), 97-113. https://doi.org/10.1002/arcp.1041.
McHugh, S., & Ranyard, R. (2012). Credit repayment decisions: The role of long‐term consequence information, economic and psychological factors. Review of Behavioural Finance, 4(2), 98-112. https://doi.org/10.1108/19405971211284890.
Meles, A., Porzio, C., Sampagnaro, G., Starita, M. G., & Verdoliva, V. (2017). Collateralization of business loans: Testing the prediction of theories. Research in International Business and Finance, 42, 922-938. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ribaf.2017.07.053.
Menkhoff, L., Neuberger, D., & Rungruxsirivorn, O. (2010). Collateral and lending to rural households in emerging markets. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10419/37313
Milunovic, D. (2012). The use of conjoint analysis in order to form attractive credit offers in banks of Bosnia and Herzegovina. International Journal of Management Cases, 14(3), 115-127. https://doi.org/10.5848/APBJ.2012.00079.
Nickkar, A., & Lee, Y. J. (2022). Willingness to pay for advanced safety features in vehicles: An adaptive choice-based conjoint analysis approach. Transportation Research Record, 2676(7), 173-185. https://doi.org/10.1177/03611981221099187.
Nissenbaum, M., Raasch, B. J., & Ratner, C. L. (2004). Ernst & Young's personal financial planning guide. John Wiley & Sons.
Odekerken‐Schröder, G., Ouwersloot, H., Lemmink, J., & Semeijn, J. (2003). Consumers’ trade‐off between relationship, service package and price: An empirical study in the car industry. European Journal of Marketing, 37(1/2), 219-242. https://doi.org/10.1108/03090560310458858.
Ono, A., & Uesugi, I. (2009). Role of collateral and personal guarantees in relationship lending: Evidence from Japan's SME loan market. Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, 41(5), 935-960. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1538-4616.2009.00237.x.
Orme, B., & Huber, J. (2000). Improving the value of conjoint simulations. Marketing Research, 12(4), 12.
Pantielieieva, N., Zaporozhets, S., Nagaichuk, N., & Bartosh, O. (2019). Transformation of financial intermediation in the context of spread of digital trends. Научный журнал «Вестник НАН РК», (3), 144-152.
PR Newswire. (2022). Auto loan interest rates climb to highest level since 2019 in Q3, according to Edmunds. PR Newswire Association LLC: Dallas, Texas. Retrieved from https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/auto-loan-interest-rates-climb-to-highest-level-since-2019-in-q3-according-to-edmunds-301638636.html.
Segal, R. (1995). Forecasting the market for electric vehicles in California using conjoint analysis. The Energy Journal, 16(3), 89-111. https://doi.org/10.5547/ISSN0195-6574-EJ-Vol16-No3-5.
Simanjuntak, M., Putri, N. E., Yuliati, L. N., & Sabri, M. F. (2020). Enhancing customer retention using customer relationship management approach in car loan business. Cogent Business & Management, 7(1), 1738200. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2020.1738200.
Singh, D. (2012). Finance 101: The whiz kid's perfect credit guide: The teen who refinanced his mother's house and car at 14. AuthorHouse.
Steijvers, T., & Voordeckers, W. (2009). Collateral and credit rationing: A review of recent empirical studies as a guide for future research. Journal of Economic Surveys, 23(5), 924-946. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6419.2009.00589.x.
Strong, J. T., & Dubas, K. M. (1993). The optimal level of fear-arousal in advertising: An empirical study. Journal of Current Issues & Research in Advertising, 15(2), 93-99. https://doi.org/10.1080/10641734.1993.10505011.
Train, K. E., & Winston, C. (2007). Vehicle choice behavior and the declining market share of US automakers. International Economic Review, 48(4), 1469-1496. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2354.2007.00472.x.
Tripsas, M. (2008). Customer preference discontinuities: A trigger for radical technological change. Managerial and Decision Economics, 29(2‐3), 79-97. https://doi.org/10.1002/mde.1394.
Wang, J. (2012). Do firms' relationships with principal customers/suppliers affect shareholders' income? Journal of Corporate Finance, 18(4), 860-878. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2012.05.002.
Watters, J. K., & Biernacki, P. (1989). Targeted sampling: Options for the study of hidden populations. Social Problems, 36(4), 416-430. https://doi.org/10.2307/800824.
White, M. (2016). Car loans: The greatest challenges of car financing. Lulu Press, Inc.
Wonder, N., Wilhelm, W., & Fewings, D. (2008). The financial rationality of consumer loan choices: Revealed preferences concerning interest rates, down payments, contract length, and rebates. Journal of Consumer Affairs, 42(2), 243-270. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6606.2008.00106.x.
Wu, W. Y., Liao, Y. K., & Chatwuthikrai, A. (2014). Applying conjoint analysis to evaluate consumer preferences toward subcompact cars. Expert Systems with Applications, 41(6), 2782-2792. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2013.10.011.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Ryan Dave Lombrino, John Vianne Murcia
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.